Participation

Since the beginning of the survey, 1,758 Low Income caregivers have participated in RAPID.

These analyses are based on responses collected from 8390 caregivers between the dates of April 06, 2020 and November 21, 2020. These caregivers represent a range of voices: 5.89% are Black/African American, 11.75% are LatinX, and 20.95% live at or below 1.5 times the federal poverty line. Proportions/percentages are calculated based on the item-level response rates, not out of the total sample size. The data for these analyses are not weighted.

Demographics

Age

Income

Income is presented in thousands of dollars per year.

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
income.cat statistic p.value
< 20k 1264.38 < .001
20k-40k 1321.71 < .001
40k-60k 101.97 < .001
60k-80k 336.19 < .001
80k-100k 222.00 < .001
100k-150k 358.82 < .001
150k-200k 131.12 < .001
200k+ 127.24 < .001

Poverty

Employment

Employment change

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
employment_change statistic p.value
Became Employed 3.16 .075
Became Unemployed 13.55 < .001
Stable Employed 393.79 < .001
Stable Other 93.15 < .001
Stable Unemployed 160.01 < .001

Race

Ethnicity

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
latinx_cat statistic p.value
non-Latinx 44.27 < .001
Latinx 44.27 < .001

Single parent households

p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction
single_cat statistic p.value
Dual parent 453.36 < .001
Single parent 453.36 < .001

Mental health (raw scores)

Caregiver

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-6.82 42.54 49.35 -8.92 < .001 3491.75 -8.31 -5.32 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Correlates of

Test

Significance of linear model using variable to predict mental health within Low Income caregivers
Variable Within group Difference between group and sample
material_hardship < .001 .769
work_status < .001 < .001
single .064 < .001
age .012 .147
race_ethnic < .001 .204

Figures (within sample)

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## [[1]]$material_hardship

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Figures (between sample)

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Anxiety

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-5.52 40.84 46.36 -5.67 < .001 3607.37 -7.42 -3.61 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Depression

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-9.19 27.57 36.76 -10.21 < .001 3367.8 -10.95 -7.42 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Stress

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-7.3 54.56 61.86 -7.46 < .001 3624.63 -9.22 -5.38 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Loneliness

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-5.28 47.24 52.52 -6.09 < .001 3483.59 -6.98 -3.58 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Child

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-5.96 37.64 43.59 -6.67 < .001 3577.45 -7.71 -4.21 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Fussy

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-7.06 49.52 56.58 -6.72 < .001 3727.29 -9.11 -5 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Fear

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
-4.78 25.75 30.53 -4.53 < .001 3420.51 -6.85 -2.71 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Mental health (change scores)

Caregiver

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
1.62 11.27 9.66 2.84 .004 3623.06 0.5 2.73 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Correlates of

Test

Significance of linear model using variable to predict mental health within Low Income caregivers
Variable Within group Difference between group and sample
material_hardship < .001 .769
work_status < .001 < .001
single .316 < .001
age .394 .147
race_ethnic .112 .204

Figures (within sample)

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## [[1]]$material_hardship

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Figures (between sample)

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Anxiety

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
2.64 10.92 8.28 3.54 < .001 3747.89 1.18 4.11 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Depression

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
1.03 8.48 7.46 1.59 .112 3551.35 -0.24 2.29 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Stress

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
1.59 14.93 13.34 1.84 .066 3600.59 -0.1 3.28 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Loneliness

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
1.59 14.93 13.34 1.84 .066 3600.59 -0.1 3.28 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Child

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
0.28 9.07 8.78 0.41 .685 3435.7 -1.08 1.65 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Fussy

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
0.59 11.28 10.69 0.68 .494 3504 -1.1 2.28 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Fear

Values represent the difference between a caregiver’s response for the past week and their “baseline” or retrospective report of this variable pre-pandemic.

On average

estimate estimate1 estimate2 statistic p.value parameter conf.low conf.high method alternative
0.17 6.9 6.73 0.21 .835 3504.14 -1.4 1.73 Welch Two Sample t-test two.sided

Over time

Material hardship

Overall

Types of hardship

t-tests comparing hardship across groups. p-values adjusted for multiple comparisons using a Holm correction.
category difference statistic p.value df
food -0.3481261 -22.289051 < .001 1729.0035
house -0.3540576 -23.035138 < .001 1867.5643
utilities -0.4144462 -29.151256 < .001 2364.0636
healthcare -0.1487929 -9.057295 < .001 1023.9931
social -0.2429237 -14.721837 < .001 1058.9375
emotional -0.2684713 -16.275818 < .001 1103.9623
childcare -0.1723471 -10.499608 < .001 1014.3381
other -0.1259258 -9.185173 < .001 758.7236

By Week

Childcare

On average

Type of childcare (average)

Type of childcare (over time)

By week

Discrimination

Concerns for children (average)

Concerns for children (over time)

Caregiver well-being

The relationship between well-being and concerns for children is NOT significantly different for Low Income caregivers

Child well-being

The relationship between child well-being and concerns for children is NOT significantly different for Low Income caregivers

Discrimination (average)

Discrimination (over time)

Caregiver well-being

The relationship between well-being and discrimination for children is NOT significantly different for Low Income caregivers

Child well-being

The relationship between child well-being and discrimination for children is NOT significantly different for Low Income caregivers